The Tax System In Usa And Egypt Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1868 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Did you like this example? The tax system of any country is born out of a tax policy. It plays a vital role in the fiscal policy of that country; be it Kuwait, Egypt or America. The tax system of different countries varies according to country and the government enforces certain additions, revision and review to the tax system of that country over a certain period of time. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Tax System In Usa And Egypt Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Another characteristic of the tax system of a country is that it is flexible and continuously changes in order to adapt to the essentials of the socio-economic conditions. The tax system is also influenced by the designs of that tax system with regards to history, the political system and the economic system. In this report, we analyze the tax systems of two countries. One is America where the tax system is a complex and complicated system as there are different states which enjoys the freedom as specified by the federal system. The other country is Egypt, which has a Semi-presidential republic which implemented decreased corporate taxes resulting in a stated 100% increase in tax revenue. In the end, will be discussed on which one of the two systems are better and why. An overview of Tax System in United States and Egypt The codes of the tax are mainly pertained to the taxation of the ship owners, natural wines, vaccines and insurance companies. Upon a quick look, it is evident that the tax system will become more complex as the tax levied in states and cities are further complicated. On the other hand the Egyptian tax system comprises of two types of taxes. They are direct and indirect taxes. It was first introduced in 1939. From there, till now, the taxes have been imposed on business and labor gains and on agricultural land. Other tax laws were issued in the following years including an urban building tax in 1954; a customs regime in 1963; stamp duties in 1980; consumption taxes in 1981 which in was replaced by the General Sales Tax Law No. 11 of 1991; and a new income tax law in 1981 were introduced. This Income Tax Law was amended in 1993 by Law No. 187 of 1993. US tax system in America There is a principle of competition involved in the tax system of the USA. This means that there is a competition between the governments of the states and local which mainly relates to their rights to enforce personal and corporate income taxes. Thus it complicates the concept of tax law with that of the taxpayers and they will have to file returns of tax for all the three levels of the government as explained earlier. The tax burden in the USA is comparatively low for individuals, but for companies it is surprisingly high. Moreover, the fiscal system of USA allows the icon of what is known as competitive federalism. The dominion of tax is split among the federal, the state and the local governments. For example, the personal income tax is charged by all the three systems of governments i.e., by federal, the states, and even local communities. The burden of tax is therefore considerably different from region to region, both for individuals and for companies. To add more, the primary source of revenue to the federal government is the personal income tax. The personal income tax is generated hardly five times when compared to corporate income tax. By this, it is obtained by the states in the form of funding from both personal income tax and consumption taxes. On the other hand, the local governments impose the taxes on real and personal property. There is a enforcement of taxes by the local and state communities from 0-9.8%. This is calculated as a single-phase tax which is not in the case of federal government. The ability of a tax payer to pay the tax is governed by the ability to pay principle which is to put into practice in the shape of a progressive income tax scale which has various restrictions to itself. The highest rate of tax returns in the USA applies from USD 312,000 upwards. There is no differentiation made among different kinds of income, which is distant from capital gains, on which individuals pay tax at a special rate of 15%. Life in surance policies are taxed on their earnings. In the USA there was double taxation for the dividends until 2003. Accordingly, a company was responsible for corporate income tax the mainly based on its profits. Moreover, on the event of the distribution of this, it was compulsory for the shareholder to pay personal income tax without being able to claim a tax credit. Dividends like these are being taxable till now and are been paid at a rate of only 15% for the shareholder. Thus, the profits of companies that function in more than one state are taxed in the state of their origin. Another characteristic of the US Taxation is the debt regarding the corporate income tax. While calculating the corporate income tax the debt incurred by the company is compared with that of the alternative minimum tax (AMT). the AMT is charged at a rate of 20% on taxable income which has a special method of calculation and is payable if it is higher than the computed corporate income tax debt. However exemption are also established in the case of small companies who has an average gross revenue in the previous three tax years which has not crossed USD 7.5 m, and companies in the year they were set up. The income tax calculation of the United States is shown below: Table 1. 1999 U.S. Tax Receipts, by Source Source Amount (Millions $) Percent of All Taxes Federal Taxes Income Taxes 879,500 34.5% Social Insurance Taxes 611,800 24.0% Corporate Taxes 184,700 7.2% Excise Taxes 70,400 2.8% Estate Taxes 22,900 0.9% Total, Federal Taxes 1,769,300 69.4% State Taxes Sales Taxes 200,600 7.9% Property Taxes 240,100 9.4% Income Taxes 189,300 7.4% Corporate Taxes 33,900 1.3% Excise and Other Taxes 114,500 4.5% Total, State Taxes 778,400 30.6% Total, All Taxes 2,547,700 100.0% Tax System in Egypt The tax system in Egypt is different from that of the tax system in USA. In Egypt the corporate income and gains tax come under a new tax law which is law No. 91 which was introduced in 2005. According to this law, the corporations in Egypt are imposed corporate profits tax on their profits derived from their business in Egypt and abroad, if not in the case, the foreign activities are carried out through a stable establishment located abroad. Whereas the foreign companies have their head offices in Egypt are subject to tax only on their profits derived from Egypt. In the case of oil production companies, the tax levied is 40.55%. Whereas, there is a 40% tax to be paid by the Suez Canal Company, Egyptian General Petroleum Company (EGPC) and Central Bank of Egypt. The tax system of Egypt is divided into two groups. They are administration of a company and the dividends distributed. According to the administrative point of view, the companies must pay their annual income tax alo ng with their true financial statements and the supporting documents preceding the 1st of May every year or in the ending of four months from the financial year end. The tax payer should sign the tax return and he has the right to file a request if he needs extension from the due date of filing the tax if they can pay an estimated amount of tax. He must file the request 15 days before the due date. Moreover, the estimated tax due must also be paid before the due date. The government can grant extension up to 60 days, during which, the companies can file their tax return in 30 days. The dividends of a company are not liable to pay withholding tax as they are paid from the corporate incomes which can be taxed under the normal rules. However, there is an exemption of tax from the income derived from the overseas business of a company. They are also exemption of interest on bonds that are listed on the Egyptian stock exchange. Moreover, the corporate tax for the companies are comp uted according to the generally accepted accounting and commercial principles that are tailored for tax purposes by particular legal provisions which basically concerns depreciation, provisions, inventory valuation, inter-company transactions and expenses. In the case of a company which has its origin in Egypt and which exists outside Egypt, can have an exemption from foreign tax if they provide adequate documents. The losses that have been incurred outside Egypt will not be counted for the calculation of income tax. Moreover, the agreements that have been performed in other countries and in the Arab Republic of Egypt with guide the credit for taxes paid abroad on income subject to corporate income tax in Egypt. In the case of group of companies which are called corporate groups are taxed differently under the corporate income tax purposes. There is no provision for the Egyptian law for assessing the tax for corporate income tax under which group losses may be offset against prof its within a group of companies. Another characteristic of the tax system in Egypt is that it contains the facilitation of transfer pricing. These provisions are based on the principle called acirc;â‚ ¬Ã…“armacirc;â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s lengthacirc;â‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ . According to this principle, the income of a company is adjusted by the tax authorities if its taxable income in Egypt is deducted as a result of the provisions of the contracts that are different from those that are agreed by unrelated parties. On the other hand, there is no withholding tax that is charged on the distributed dividends by resident companies irrespective of the residence status of the enterprise. There is a free market exchange system in Egypt. There are no interference from the central bank or the Ministry of Economy and the exchange rates are determined by the supply and demand. The income tax for an entity is levied on the worldwide income of the residents of Egypt. On the other hand, the non-resid ents tax is assumed on the tax on income that is either earned or realized in Egypt. Given below is the table which shows the tax recipients by income source. Table 2. Egypt Tax Receipts, by Source Income (EGP) Rate Up to 5,000 0% 5,001 to 20,000 10% 20,001 to 40,000 15% Over 40,000 20% Analysis According to the analysis, it can be said that the Egypt tax system is better than that found in the US system. This is because of the main fact that the tax system in US is diversified and the tax differs according to the state. On the other hand, the tax in Egypt is levied on the overall income universally in Egypt. Another reason is that the tax in the United States between the states has competition among them. An individual is subjected to tax for double taxation and there tax levied for everything whether the income derived inside or outside of the US. On the other hand, the tax system in Egypt; an individual is subject to tax only for the income derived inside Egypt. There is no withholding or transfer of tax. Whereas, in US there is withholding and transferrable tax and there is the intervention of the ministries in the levying of tax. On the contrary, in Egypt, there is no intervention by the bank or the ministries. This makes it better than the tax in United States.

The Tragedy Of Oedipus Rex And Shakespeare s Othello ...

The definition of a tragedy is a narrative poem or story that describes the downfall of a good man. Both Othello and King Oedipus Rex Fall into this class of literature, even though they were written by two totally different authors and in two utterly different time periods. These two works share several comparisons to every different, while having an honest quantity of variations similarly. Pride is characterized as one of the seven deadliest sins. Most pleased individuals will never see themselves as to be genuinely glad until they encounter the results of their pride. Sophocles and Shakespeare both location this situation in their plays Oedipus Rex and Othello. Through their honorability, their appalling imperfections, the fall these blemishes cause, and the misery and astuteness they get from these falls, Oedipus and Othello uncover the genuine character of the awful saint and demonstrate the staggering outcomes of pride. Othello and King Oedipus Rex, each featured main characters with distinguished power; Othello was a greatly revered general with an impeccable service record among the Venetian Army while King Oedipus was the newly appointed king of Thebes. Each of these characters was well revered and honored members of their community.King Oedipus and Othello had to overcome obstacles to realize their prestigious positions. Othello was an African member of his society at a time once the white race was viewed as superior to different races. While he was beloved as aShow MoreRelatedThe Origins Of Drama And Theatre2001 Words   |  9 Pagesaccredited to inventing theatre and drama. In Greece during that time, at the height of popularity, were the stories of the well known flawed heroes and their journeys. Ancient Greece Comedy was a popular type of play in Ancient Greece, only second to Tragedy. These types were described in many details in Poetics, by Aristotle. He expressed that a comedy is â€Å"an imitation of inferior people - not, however, with respect to every kind of defect: the laughable is a species of what is disgraceful. The laughableRead MoreEssay on Oedipus the King by Sophocles2040 Words   |  9 PagesThe play, Oedipus the King by Sophocles presents a grim hamartia caused from a terrible deed of long ago. Oedipus the protagonist is the powerful King of Thebes and held of high estate by the people of Thebes. As the terrible deed of Oedipus’s becomes apparent to both Oedipus and the City of Thebes his tragic flaw is slowly realized. The play will show â€Å"tragic power resides in human failing, hamartia, constantly underpinning any sense of the inevitable† (Walton). The play will show the author’s view

Emotions Essay Free Essays

How important are your emotions in your life? There are many factors involved in making decisions but the most important are the emotions. My whole life is full of decisions that I made using my emotions. Emotions are the best way to make decision because emotions give a different point of view of the reality, help to choose the right options, and they are the key to success. We will write a custom essay sample on Emotions Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Firstly; emotions always give me a different point of view of the reality. When I was eleven years old, I had a friend that was always in trouble. I decide to don’t talk to him anymore because he was a bad influence to me. But when I get home I feel bad for him. I decided to call him and invited him to my home. There I talked with him about his attitude. He told me that he acted like that because he did not have friends. For that reason he all the time was mad and sad. We spent the whole afternoon playing football. Then I realize the amazing person that the boy was. Since that day we have been friends and he made a lot of friends in school. That day my emotions let me see the right view of the reality. Secondly, emotions help me to choose the right options. When I was a kid my parents put me in a English course after school. No one of my friends liked that course; all of them decide to change it for a funnier course. I talked to my parents about that but they did not let me change the course. All of my friends told me to change the course without telling my parents. In that moment I have that decision in my hands. I realize that my parents put me in that course because they love me and I could not betray them. I felt the need to pay that love with responsibility. So, I decided to keep going to the English course. After many years, I can say that decision was one of the best decisions in my life. Thirdly, emotions are the key to success. I am senior in high school and I want to be a successful student at college. Looking for colleges is very stressful specially because some of them have really specific requirements. For me Rutgers was the university that I want to get accepted but their requirements were very high. I really want to get accepted but at the same time I was scary to get reject. But my emotions give me the confidence to see that I have a lot of qualities that make me an excellent student to get accepted in that university. Therefore, my emotions give me enough bravely to success. Therefore, the most important factors to make decisions are the emotions. I always make decisions using my emotions. And all of those decisions give me a lot of good moments. Emotions give us a different point of view of the reality, help us to choose the right options, and they are the key to success. So, it is your chose how your emotions will influence your life and your future. How to cite Emotions Essay, Essay examples

Emerging Application of Forensic Accounting for Detection of Frauds

Question: Discuss about the Emerging Application of Forensic Accounting for Detection of Frauds. Answer: Introduction (Research Topic): The emerging demand for forensic accounting is already acknowledged by many accounting practitioners in the field of accounting fraud detection (Williams 2014). In other words, it describes the engagement that results from actual or anticipated dispute or litigations (Ajao, Dada and Olaoye 2013). According to Nigrini (2012), forensic accounting helps to determine whether an individual or an organization has engaged in any illegal financial activities. Pedneault et al. (2012) assert that forensic accounting as a discipline encompasses knowledge regarding fraud, financial expertise and a sound knowledge and understanding of the business reality and the working of the legal system. Thus the role of the forensic accounting is gaining popularity worldwide by perceiving one of the more effective and efficient way to decrease and check accounting fraud. The purpose of the research is to explore the role of the forensic accounting in the area of detection of fraud in different types of organizations. Based on such research topic, the researcher will design the entire research process by containing research aim, objectives and research questions. Using different tools and techniques in the methodology section, the researcher will reach towards the research objectives and Research Problem: Nowadays, series of fraud have been committed both in private and public sector of the economy. Internal auditing is indeed not guaranteed to disclose all internal frauds of the organization because an internal auditor is the representative of government or organization. Then come the idea of external auditors, yet frauds are still being committed on regular intervals. The users of financial statements are often loss their confidence in the ability of the public accounting due to the occurrence of scandals, frauds, and failures and have increased the demand for forensic accountants (Awolowo 2016). The large organizations like Cadbury Aus Plc, West farmers have been found involved in fraud due to accessibility of high level management data in paper-based-system or a system of computer alike (Fiia 2013). Most of the frauds are human nature. This problem can be resolved by the way of knowing and informing about the application and role of forensic accounting in occurrences of the prevention of fraud. According to Huang et al. (2016) forensic accounting has played a significant role in the litigation and other legislative disputes fomented by these recent failures and frauds. Thus the fraud will be detected if the public is made to know the concept of forensic accounting. Research aim and objectives: Based on the problem of the research stated above, the research will address the significance of the detection of fraud by the application of forensic accounting. By aiming at this, the researcher will address the following objectives: To discuss the role of the forensic accounting on fraud detections To evaluate the differences between the roles of forensic accounting and that of the fundamental accounting in curbing financial crimes Questions of the Research: The research is expected to answer the following questions after the accomplishing the research work: What extent does forensic accounting influence on fraud detection? How does forensic accounting better than that of conventional accounting? How forensic accounting control falsified activities in a firm? Methodology of the research: According to O'Leary (2013), the methodology of the research gives the framework for conduct the research systematically. To make people informed about the application of forensic accounting and share the knowledge about its impact on fraud detection, the researcher will select the survey method for addressing the purpose of the study by gathering the adequate amount of primary research of data. The design of the research for this study is the exploratory research design because it relies on determining phenomena in their natural setting and deriving theories that fit the analysis of the data (Pickard 2012). To gain some insights of the research topic, the researcher wills select the sample for getting the responses from the concerned respondents. The information on numerous subjects of research will be gathered from audit and accounting practitioners who have previously applied or have a clear concepts about the forensic accounting. Research Process: The researcher will follow a progressive research approach by maintaining a typical process in the following manner: By presuming that the chosen research topic holds the relevance, the researcher selects forensic accounting as the research topic in the firm section. After investigating the problem statement, the researcher will formulate the aim, objectives and questions of the research in the following of the research. To address the research questions and identify the role of the forensic accounting on fraud detection, the researcher conducts methodologies in the next section. After collecting data from accounting practitioners considering those who hold detailed application knowledge about forensic accounting, the researcher will analyze the gathered data and information in the data analysis and analysis section of this research study. In this way, the researcher will get the research outcome addressing the research objectives in the last section of the research. Collection of data and analysis: This section will be displayed and presented the empirical results of the research (Palinkas et al. 2015). This study will attempt to analyze gathered data and information about the impacts of forensic accounting on fraud detection detailing the variables like falsification of accounts, forged cheques, cashiering frauds, theft of cash/suppression of lodgment and other miscellaneous frauds (Awolowo 2016). For getting responses from the survey process, the researcher will ask questionnaires about the effectiveness of forensic accounting in the area of fraud detection. The research will also ask responses about any current challenges that they faced during the practice of such accounting. Furthermore, the researcher will arrange face-to face interviews for getting more information related to this research topic. The researcher will collect data from people associated with international accounting bodies such as members of ICA of Australia. Expected Research outcome: By discussing the applications of forensic accounting services considering both private and public sector organizations of Australia, the study will identify the different types of fraudulent activities which could be resolved by an effective application of the forensic accounting. The ineffectiveness of the forensic accounting services by corporate organizations will get a strong signal about the significant role of the forensic accounting in maintaining the corporate governance. References: Ajao, O.S., Dada, S.O. and Olaoye, S.A., 2013. Application of forensic accounting technique in effective investigation and detection of embezzlement to combat corruption in Nigeria.Unique Journal of Business Management Research,1(4), pp.065-070. Awolowo, I.F., 2016. Financial Statement Frauds: The Need for a Paradigm Shift to Forensic Accounting.system,7(10), p.23. Fiia, F., 2013. Forensic accounting: A tool for fraud detection and prevention in the public sector.(A study of selected ministries in Kogi state).International Journal of Academic Research in Business and social sciences,3(3), p.1. Huang, S.Y., Lin, C.C., Chiu, A.A. and Yen, D.C., 2016. Fraud detection using fraud triangle risk factors.Information Systems Frontiers, pp.1-14. Nigrini, M., 2012.Benford's Law: Applications for forensic accounting, auditing, and fraud detection(Vol. 586). John Wiley Sons. O'Leary, Z., 2013. The essential guide to doing your research project. Sage. Palinkas, L.A., Horwitz, S.M., Green, C.A., Wisdom, J.P., Duan, N. and Hoagwood, K., 2015. Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), pp.533-544. Pedneault, S., Silverstone, H., Rudewicz, F. and Sheetz, M., 2012.Forensic accounting and fraud investigation for non-experts. John Wiley Sons. Pickard, A., 2012. Research methods in information. Facet publishing. Williams, J.W., 2014. The private eyes of corporate culture: The forensic accounting and corporate investigation industry and the production of corporate financial security. InCorporate Security in the 21st Century(pp. 56-77). Palgrave Macmillan UK.

Marketing Engineering Ford Hotel Essay Example

Marketing Engineering Ford Hotel Essay Curso: Analisis Cuantitativo y Toma de decisiones: Fecha: 09 Marzo 2013 Integrantes: Monica Calderon Monica Chavez Monica Escobar Julio Jaramillo Sandra Saco Vertiz Case 3: Positioning the Infiniti G20 EXERCISES 1. Using the data in Exhibit 1 and the associated perceptual mapping software, describe the two (or, if applicable, three) dimensions underlying the perceptual maps that you generated. Based on these maps, how do people in this market perceive the Infiniti G20 compared with its competitors? El G20 es visto como un automovil atractivo y exitoso. Muy bien posicionado junto a otras marcas de la gama como BMW y Honda 2. Infiniti promoted the G20 as a Japanese car (basic version $17,500) with a German feel, basically a car that was like the BMW 318i ($20,000), but lower priced. Is this a credible claim, given the perceptions and preferences of the respondents? Los 2 principales competidores del G20 son BMW 318i and the Honda Prelude. Es una dificil tarea promocionar el G20 sobre el BMW 318i en alto prestigio y atractivo; este ultimo punto punto es subjetivo y los gustos del publico pueden cambiar facilmente. El prestigio del auto puede ser promocionado, pero con menor precio del G20 vs BMW, el publico podria percibir que el auto mas caro es el que mas prestigio tiene. De acuerdo a la data y en comparacion con el BMW 318i, el G20 tiene menor precio, elevado ahorro en combustible y larga garantia. Promocionar estos puntos del mercado el G20 tiene un gran valor sobre el BMW 318i es la mejor solucion y puede ser muy bien apreciado por los consumidores. 3. Which attributes are most important in influencing preference for these cars in the three segments (S1, S2 and S3) shown on these maps? We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Engineering Ford Hotel specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Engineering Ford Hotel specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Engineering Ford Hotel specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer To which segment(s) would you market the Infiniti G20? How would you reposition the Infiniti G20 to best suit the chosen segment(s)? Briefly describe the marketing program you would use to target the chosen segment(s). Los mas importantes atributos por segmento son: Segment 1 (S1): Hi Prestige, Quiet, Interesting, and Common. Segment 2 (S2): Roomy, Easy Service, and Sporty. Segment 3 (S3): Unreliable, Poor value and Poorly built. El mercado para Infiniti G20 serian los segments 1 and 2, porque ellos aparecen como el modelo ideal de clientes para Infiniti. Ellos comparten las mismas cualidades y estilo de auto que estamos produciendo. Adicionalmente podriamos reposicionar el G20 como lujoso, deportivo, confortable, logrando satisfacer los requerimientos del consumidor de ambos segmentos. 4. What ongoing research program would you recommend to Infiniti to improve its evaluation of its segmentation of the market and positioning of its G20? Podria recomendar a Infiniti invertir mas tiempo concentrando o mejorando los atributos menos valorados por los consumidores, a la vez que podria encontrar la forma de hacerlos mas economicos e interesantes. Ayudando tanto a mejorar su produccion, costos y a la vez mejorar la percepcion del producto de parte de los clientes. 5. Summarize the advantages and limitations of the software provided for this application. Consideramos una limitante que el programe no brinde una explicacion de los resultados, o una interpretacion de los escenarios. Como ventaja podemos considerar que nos permite visualizar el impacto de cada uno de los atributos en el consumidor, y en base a esa informacion ofrecer mejoras en el producto final. Case 4: Forte Hotel Design EXERCISES 1. Design: Using a blank Excel spreadsheet, follow Step 1 in the Conjoint Tutorial and develop a Study Design Template (MEXL==Conjoint==Create Study Design Template) for Forte, using the attributes and levels from Exhibit 1. Next, follow Step 2 in the Tutorial, Create a data collection instrument, selecting Ratings method and 1 for the number of respondents (you). When you are done, check to be sure that your sheet looks like the Forte Hotel Data (Conjoint, 1 Ratings) data set in My Marketing Engineering. Then, briefly summarize the advantages and limitations of describing products as bundles of attribute options. En este ejercicio creamos los atributos y los diferentes niveles de cada atributo, familiarizandonos con el uso de la herramienta. 2. Utility assessment: Using the sheet that you created in Question 1, rate each of the bundles, giving your most preferred bundle 100 and your least preferred bundle 0, as described in Step 3 in the Tutorial. When you are done, follow Step 4 in the Tutorial and perform a utility assessment for yourself (MEXL==Conjoint==Create Study Design TemplateEstimate Preference Part Worths). Interpret your own preferences on the resulting Part Worths Sheet. Como resultado del ejercicio Podemos interpretar que Monica prefiere la habitacion con un escritorio y prioriza el telefono al internet. Desea entretenimiento exterior para practicar actividades deportivas. Le encanta la limpieza personal y desea sus zapatos bien lustrados. Tambien prefiera acercarse al restaurant al delivery. 3. Open the â€Å"Forte Hotel Data (Conjoint, 2 Partworths)† data set in My Marketing Engineering and review the Partworths developed from the respondents in this case. Based on your experiences in completing these tasks, summarize the advantages and limitations of conjoint analysis for obtaining preference data from customers. Respondents Preference Partworths Respondents preference partworths. The most preferred profiles sum up to 100, the least preferred to 0. Respondents / Small Suite Large Room Room Office Internet access Speaker phone Attributes and Levels 0 9 11 52 13 Amanda 10 37 0 0 9 Ann 26 0 10 21 0 Bruce 8 0 22 13 25 Byron 34 0 30 0 16 Byung 45 0 16 0 2 Colleen 17 7 0 7 24 Courtney 15 0 12 0 14 Daniel 13 0 24 10 23 Dierdre 11 20 0 9 0 Elio 0 27 7 4 0 Eugene 8 0 31 8 0 Frank 20 0 14 0 7 Gabriel 0 19 5 10 22 George 14 31 0 14 0 Gina 6 16 0 0 16 Hans 0 7 47 0 8 Hector 34 0 16 6 27 Jin Hyuk Room fax 0 3 14 0 11 0 0 38 0 19 2 10 21 0 13 9 25 0 Ventajas: Permite identificar la combinacion de atributos preferidos por los consumidores. Explotar los atributos preferidos o mas valorados con un adecuado plan de marketing. Permite caracterizar perfiles de los clientes y asi poder enfocar mejor nuestras ofertas. Limitaciones: No podemos segmentar completamente a nuestra oferta hacia el consumidor (salvo que la base sea estadisticamente robusta). Requiere de un analisis cualitativo previa para identificar las variables a considerar. 4. Analysis: Open the Forte Hotel Data (Conjoint, 3 Analysis) data set in My Marketing Engineering, which has competed Steps 5 and 6 in the Tutorial for you. Follow Step 7 in the Tutorial, ((MEXL==Conjoint==Run Analysis) and assess the viability of the four specific hotel concepts that Forte is exploring for the State College area. Base this evaluation on the preferences of a sample of 40 business travelers on that sheet (Exhibit 2) and the cost estimates summarized in Exhibit 3. The base cost to build each hotel room (without the attributes and options listed in Exhibit 3) is expected to be about $40,000 for a 150- to 200-room hotel, regardless of the mix of room types. . Identify the optimal product concept from among those Forte is considering. Explain how you arrived at your recommendation. Consideramos que optimal product 1 es el concepto que deberia considerar Forte porque este le permitira una mejor penetracion en el mercado, lo cual ademas de traer la mayor aceptacion redundara en un pronto recupero de la inversion. 6. Would you recommend product concepts other than the four Forte is considering for the State College market? Expla in how you arrived at your recommendation(s). Las 4 opciones engloban el tipo de cliente que normalmente tienen este tipo de cadena de hoteles con lo cual la segmentacion esta muy bien aplicada; sin embargo podrian agregar una opcion enfocada a empresas, BtoB, que esten interesadas en utilizar el hotel como centro de convenciones que duren uno o mas dias y la empresa contratante deba hospedar a sus invitados, si bien es cierto, no es constante todo el ano, podrian tener preparada una opcion con servicios estandar y ciertos entretenimientos. Podria llamarse Business 1. 7. Summarize the major advantages and limitations of a conjoint study for new roduct design. What conditions favor the use of this approach in the hotel industry? (Consider such factors as types of customers and market conditions in responding to this question). Este modelo le permite a la industria hotelera saber la valoracion del mix e atributos valorados por el cliente y de esta forma tener una propuesta enfocada en el publico objetivo al que se dirige, ademas l e permite saber, en la medida que disponga de informacion de los otros hoteles, en que segmento tendria mayores probabilidad de tener una mejor aceptacion. Sin embargo el uso de esta herramienta requeriria de un alto costo de inversion inicial en investigacion de mercados, ya que exigiria la realizacion de una encuesta que permita contar con datos para la evaluacion. Case 5: Durr Environmental, Inc. – Air Pollution Control Systems Durr faced the following questions: 1. Is it economically sensible to enter the US market? 2. If so, what would be the best offering to make? 3. Would it be better to provide two different offerings? If so, what should they be? 4. Which segment(s) of the customers should they target, with what selling proposition for their new offering(s)? Provide a business case to address these issues. Assume the following: The business must generate marginal revenue of $4MM/year to justify entry, and it will cost Durr an additional $3MM/year to support a second offering. 1. Modelo de Negocio: Tamano del Mercado * Participacion del Mercado *Margen de Contribucion Segun la premisa debemos justificar mas de US $4MM para justificar la entrada al mercado. Tamano del Mercado: Market research indicated that there would be about 300 units of that size sold in the US each year over the next decade. Participacion del mercado Margen de Utilidad: Producto Servair= 200K + 200K + 10K + 70K – 300K = US $180K Producto Premier= 200K+200K-170K+0+0= US $230K Producto Base =200K+0+0+0=US $200K Conclusion: Para Servair == 300 * 0. 1877 * 180 = US $10. 1 MM Para Premier = 300 * 0. 1433 * 230= US $9. 8 MM Para Base = 300 * 0. 0889 * 200=US $5. 3 MM Dado que los 3 escenarios son mayores a los US $ 4MM, podemos ingresar al mercado con cualquiera de los productos. Cada uno de ellos nos permitira mayor o menor ganancia segun nuestra apuesta. 2. If so, what would be the best offering to make? Luego analizamos por cada tipo de producto. Segmentamos por Producto 1: Y ahora segmentamos por Producto 2: Sugerimos el producto Premier DX porque tiene mayor probabilidad de aceptacion y por ende nos permite ganar mercado mas rapido. Maximizar beneficios y asegurarnos posicionamiento de marca. . Would it be better to provide two different offerings? If so, what should they be? Recomendamos ingresar solamente con el producto Premier, dado que lograriamos mayor participacion de mercado, un mayor nivel de beneficios e incluso eliminar un competidor. Sin embargo, si quisieramos incorporar un segundo producto sugerimos que sea el primero, pues pese a tener una menor contribucion marginal que el tercero tendriamos mayor probabilidad de aceptacion y por lo tanto tendriamos menor exposicion al riesgo. . Which segment(s) of the customers should they target, with what selling proposition for their new offering(s)? Podrian ser empresas que tienen un alto sentido de responsabilidad con el medio ambiente y desean ejercer control del sistema de emision de gases de manera eficiente. Prefieren invertir en un buen sistema y asegurar un contrato de servicio, para evitar quedarse sin soporte ante algun inconveniente.

Definition and Examples of Epideictic Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Epideictic Rhetoric Epideictic  rhetoric (or epideictic oratory) is ceremonial discourse:  speech or writing that praises or blames (someone or something). According to Aristotle, epideictic  rhetoric (or epideictic oratory) is one of the three major branches of rhetoric. Also known as  demonstrative rhetoric  and ceremonial discourse, epideictic rhetoric includes funeral orations, obituaries, graduation and retirement speeches, letters of recommendation, and nominating speeches at political conventions. Interpreted more broadly, epideictic rhetoric may also include works of literature. In his recent study of epideictic rhetoric (Epideictic Rhetoric: Questioning the Stakes of Ancient Praise, 2015),  Laurent Pernot notes that since the time of Aristotle, epideictic has been a loose term: The field of epideictic rhetoric seems vague and laden with poorly resolved ambiguities. EtymologyFrom the Greek, fit for displaying or showing off Pronunciation:  eh-pi-DIKE-tick Examples of Epideictic Rhetoric Daniel Webster in Praise of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson:Adams and Jefferson, I have said, are no more. As human beings, indeed, they are no more. They are no more, as in 1776, bold and fearless advocates of independence; no more, as at subsequent periods, the head of the government; nor more, as we have recently seen them, aged and venerable objects of admiration and regard. They are no more. They are dead. But how little is there of the great and good which can die! To their country they yet live, and live for ever. They live in all that perpetuates the remembrance of men on earth; in the recorded proofs of their own great actions, in the offspring of their intellect, in the deep-engraved lines of public gratitude, and in the respect and homage of mankind. They live in their example; and they live, emphatically, and will live, in the influence which their lives and efforts, their principles and opinions, now exercise, and will continue to exercise, on the affairs of men, not onl y in their own country but throughout the civilized world.(Daniel Webster, On the Deaths of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, 1826) Oprah Winfreys Eulogy for Rosa Parks:And Im here today to say a final thank you, Sister Rosa, for being a great woman who used your life to serve, to serve us all. That day that you refused to give up your seat on the bus, you, Sister Rosa, changed the trajectory of my life and the lives of so many other people in the world.I would not be standing here today nor standing where I stand every day had she not chosen to sit down. . . . Had she not chosen to say we shall not- we shall not be moved.(Oprah Winfrey, Eulogy for Rosa Parks, October 31, 2005) Observations on Epideictic Rhetoric Persuasion and Epideictic Rhetoric:Rhetorical theory, the study of the art of persuasion, has long had to recognize that there are many literary and rhetorical texts where rhetoric does not aim directly at persuasion, and their analysis has long been problematical. To categorize speeches aimed at praise and blame rather than at decision-making, speeches such as funeral orations and encomia or panegyrics, Aristotle devised the technical term epideictic. It can readily be extended to take in literary and theoretical texts insofar as they also do not aim directly at persuasion.(Richard Lockwood, The Readers Figure: Epideictic Rhetoric in Plato, Aristotle, Bossuet, Racine and Pascal. Libraire Droz, 1996) Aristotle on Epideictic (Ceremonial) Rhetoric:The ceremonial orator is, properly speaking, concerned with the present, since all men praise or blame in view of the state of things existing at the time, though they often find it useful also to recall the past and to make guesses at the future.(Aristotle, Rhetoric) Cicero on Epideictic Orations:[Epideictic orations are] produced as show-pieces, as it were, for the pleasure they will give, a class comprising eulogies, descriptions, and histories, exhortations like the Panegyric of Isocrates, and similar orations by many of the Sophists . . . and all other speeches unconnected with battles of public life. . . . [The epideictic style] indulges in a neatness and symmetry of sentences, and is allowed to use well-defined and rounded periods; the ornamentation is done of set purpose, with no attempt at concealment, but openly and avowedly . . ..The epideictic oration, then, has a sweet, fluent and copious style, with bright conceits and sounding phrases. It is the proper field for sophists, as we said, and is fitter for the parade than for the battle . . ..(Cicero, Orator, trans. by H.M. Hubbell) Aims of Epideictic Rhetoric:If we speak in praise . . . if they do not know him, we shall try to make them [the audience] desire to know a man of such excellence since the hearers of our eulogy have the same zeal for virtue as the subject of the eulogy had or now has, we hope easily to win the approval of his deeds from those whose approval we desire. The opposite, if it is censure: . . . we shall try to make them know him, in order that they may avoid his wickedness; since our hearers are unlike the subject of our censure, we express the hope that they will vigorously disapprove his way of life.(Rhetorica ad Herennium, 90s BC) President Obamas Epideictic Rhetoric:Kathleen Hall Jamieson, the director of the Annenberg Public Policy Center at the University of Pennsylvania, noted that there were many forms of political discourse. . . . She said Mr. [Barack] Obama excels at speeches read from a teleprompter to a mass audience, not necessarily at the other forms. And his best speeches, she said, were examples of epideictic or ceremonial rhetoric, the kind we associate with conventions or funerals or important occasions, as opposed to the deliberative language of policymaking or the forensic language of argument and debate.They don’t necessarily translate to, say, selling major legislation, a skill mastered, for example, by Lyndon B. Johnson, hardly a compelling orator.It’s not a kind of speech that’s a valuable predictor of one’s capacity to govern, she said. I don’t mean to say it doesn’t forecast something. It does. But presidents have to do a lot more than that.(Pete r Applebome, Is Eloquence Overrated? The New York Times, January  13, 2008)

International Trade Administration of North America Term Paper

International Trade Administration of North America - Term Paper Example When we look at the old pattern where how the US economy works, that is, the population also grows along with US economy, the job fulfilment is reached. When we check the business-peak cycle from January 1980 to July 1990 we can observe the total U.S employment grow by 151,000 net new payroll jobs in a month. And it increased at a rate of 178,000 at the business- peak cycle from July 1991 to March 2001, but around the turn of millennium the situation began to change in U.S. than before (Lenain, et al., 2012). Due to the weak employment growth in the beginning of the millennium the economy fell into recession and began to shed jobs at the end of 2008 and this lasted till the president signed the American recovery and reinvestment act. The recession made a large and continuing negative impact on the state and local governments, however with the help of recovery act and by the payroll tax cut and unemployment insurance extensions contained in the tax relief, unemployment insurance reaut horisation and job creation act of 2010, the U.S. economy had added jobs in every month from February 2010 (Lenain, et al., 2012). The economy of whole North America includes 528 million people in its 23 sovereign states and 15 dependent territories. It is marked by a sharp division between predominantly English speaking countries of Canada and united states , which are among the wealthiest and most developed nations in the world, and the countries in central America and Caribbean the less developed.